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Eldgjá
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Eldgjá, which translates to 'Fire Canyon,' is the largest volcanic canyon in the world and part of the Katla volcanic system in the southern Highlands of Iceland. The canyon stretches for approximately 40 kilometers, reaches widths of up to 600 meters, and plunges to depths of 270 meters. It was created during a colossal eruption between 934 and 940 AD, shortly after the settlement of Iceland. This event was one of the largest basaltic fissure eruptions in recorded history, releasing an estimated 18 cubic kilometers of lava and causing significant global climatic shifts. A highlight within the canyon is the two-tiered Ófærufoss waterfall, which was once famous for a natural stone arch that spanned across it until it collapsed during a spring thaw in 1993. The area is now part of the Vatnajökull National Park and presents a rugged, monumental landscape accessible only via challenging highland tracks during summer. Eldgjá stands as a testament to the immense power of Iceland's volcanic activity and its role in shaping the island's unique geography.
- Location: Iceland
- Top sights: Ljónstindur · Gjátindur · Ófærufoss
- Nearby: Landmannalaugar (22 km)
Best time to visit & climate
The most pleasant time to visit is Jun–Aug.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg °C | -4 | -4 | -3 | -1 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 1 | -3 | -4 |
| Rain mm | 236 | 219 | 208 | 170 | 123 | 122 | 147 | 159 | 224 | 220 | 210 | 236 |
📋 Practical info
Getting there
Reaching this massive volcanic canyon typically requires driving a robust 4x4 vehicle on rough highland F-roads. Most visitors start their journey from the southern Ring Road.
Best season
The summer months from late June to early September offer the most reliable conditions. Highland roads are usually completely closed during the snowy winter period.
Terrain & paths
Expect a mix of uneven gravel trails and rocky sections along the canyon floor. The hike towards the Ófærufoss waterfall is generally straightforward but requires steady footing.
What to bring
Sturdy waterproof hiking boots are absolutely essential for navigating river crossings and mud. Layered warm clothing and high-quality rain gear will protect against sudden weather shifts.
Parking
A designated gravel parking area is typically available at the main entrance to the canyon. It serves as the primary starting point for walks towards the famous waterfall.
Safety
Always check current road conditions and weather forecasts before entering the highlands. River levels can rise rapidly after heavy rain, making some crossings significantly more dangerous.
Time needed
A typical visit lasts between two to four hours depending on how far you explore the canyon. Reaching the main waterfall and returning generally takes a solid couple of hours.
Geography
Facts
- Eldgjá is the largest volcanic canyon on Earth, stretching 40 km.
- The massive eruption occurred between the years 934 and 940 AD.
- The canyon reaches a maximum depth of 270 meters from the rim.
- An estimated 18 cubic kilometers of lava were released during the event.
- The natural stone bridge over Ófærufoss waterfall collapsed in 1993.
- The Eldgjá eruption caused global cooling across the Northern Hemisphere.
Explore nearby
Notable places around
Route planner — Car & Motorhome
Where do you start? We build the route here, with stops and country notes along the way.
Vehicle
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© OpenStreetMap contributors · OpenRouteService
Sights in the town Eldgjá (4)
Sights nearby
Frequently asked questions
Is Eldgjá accessible by a normal car?
No, it is located on road F223 and requires a 4x4 vehicle.
Which waterfall is located inside the canyon?
The two-tiered Ófærufoss waterfall is located inside.
How deep is the canyon?
In some places, it is up to 270 meters deep and 600 meters wide.
When did the volcano erupt?
The massive eruption occurred around the year 934.
Are there hiking trails nearby?
There are marked trails from the parking lot to Ófærufoss and the rim.
Eldgjá: where is it located?
Eldgjá is located in Iceland.
Eldgjá: what is there to see?
Highlights include Ljónstindur, Gjátindur, Ófærufoss.
Eldgjá: when is the best time to visit?
The most pleasant time to visit is Jun, Aug.
Eldgjá: why is it worth visiting?
Eldgjá, which translates to 'Fire Canyon,' is the largest volcanic canyon in the world and part of the Katla volcanic system in the southern Highlands of Iceland.
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